The climate of the province depends on the altitude. It is warm and dry in the valleys, moderate on the high places and cold in the Plateaus and the highs of Aconquija.

The rainfalls are scanty. The east is a transition region between the subtropical climate or the tropical of the hills and the dry of the hills and flat lands. There are more rainfalls so it is possible to breed cattle and there is a significant forestal area. The valley is surrounded by mountain ranges which allow the concentration of the rivers in this area, making it possible the irrigation .

In the west, two sectors are distinguished: the Andinian Puneño, with some oasis communicated among each other and detached from the valleys.

The Puneño sector has a bad climate, wide amplitude in the temperature which does not allows the agricultural activities.