Safe from its valley, the present territory salteño was inhabited by several indigenous towns that comprised of the Andean civilization and that the conquerors unified under the name of Diaguitas or Calchaquíes. Some of these groups were pulares, guachipas, hualfines, amaichas, quilmes and tolombes. The first European that incursionaron this territory was Diego de Almagro, who way to Chile in 1535 crossed the Calchaquíes Valleys; the same route later made years Diego de Rojas, who before arriving at the mountain range turned aside itself towards the east and discovered the plain salteña.
By order of the Virrey Francisco de Toledo, the governor of Tucumán Hernando de Lerma founded on 1582 the city of Jumps. From the beginning it was scene of constant confrontations between the diaguitas and the conquerors by the hard regime of the charge implanted by last and the fighting spirit of the natives. In the last decades of century XVIII, the city served like seat to the government and the authorities of the Church. The City grew during the colony to become a strategically important point to the being the connection of Peru with the Atlantic.
During Independence the high society salteña was divided, unlike the gaucho who fought the liberating forces along with. It jumps became the barrier of containment of the realistic armies that lowered from Peru, the first ruined battle was in 1813 in which Belgrano defeated the realists of Pío Tristán. Soon, after the defeat in Sipe Sipe, It jumps had to reject seven invasions. These victories were merit of the "Infernales", as Miguel de Güemes denominated itself to the troops directed by the Martín caudillo. Nonsingle Güemes consolidated like military man but like politician, transforming itself into governor of the region. It caused confrontations with the high society when exempting of the payment of leasings and debts to all those that participated in the fight by Independence. In 1820, being in the Peru Stop like commander in chief of the Army of Observation, the Town hall salteño demoted it. Nevertheless the political putsch did not prosper when entering with its 600 lanceros the city of Jumps. In 1821, a realistic game penetrated surprise and ended its life.
It jumps was not other people's to later combats that shocked to the country like during the war against the Confederation Peruvian-Bolivian, when exploding the war of the Triple Alliance raised many voices to condemn it and the adhesions to the federal insurrection of Felipe were multiplied Varela, who headed the resistance of the interior against the policy of Mitre. |
