It is characterized by its topographic diversity, the lowest level is formed by the plain chaqueña; the interval by Andean valleys and their heights by the Puna de Atacama and the Mountain range of the $andes. The region chaqueña is less rough of the province, bathed by the Bermejo river and its affluents that feed the great forests. In the Andean region, the separated mountainous cords by broken valleys follow one another and.

The rivers of the province descend from the Puna by gorges, like the one of the Toro, and bathe to valleys. In the level sector of the east, the water obstacles form bathed, they stagnate and often they vary his course. The greater collectors are the Oath and Bermejo, that gather the contribution of different affluents. The Juramento river recepciona important fluvial arteries that they cross the center of the province: the Calchaquí, the Guachipas and the Aryans. The Bermejo river receives waters of the river Grande de Tarija, coming from Bolivia, gathers all the courses of the northwest and also it contributes to his waters the neighboring river of the province of Jujuy, San Francisco.